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AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF STREET LIGHT INTENSITY

Everywhere throughout the world at present humans are deeply poised by the comforts provided due to the advancement of technology in each and every aspect, in the development of the virtual mechanisms embedded systems are playing an vital role in controlling and coordinating various systems by the help of micro controllers and micro processors, these embedded systems are the micro controller based real time control system operated using specified software.

Coming to description of our project the proposed system consists of an AT89S52 Microcontroller, white light emitting LED’s, light dependent resistors (LDR), Rectifier, Filter, with an primary step down Transformer (230 – 12 V AC), and a Voltage Regulator (LM 7805), initially the 230v ac from the supply mains is to be stepped down to 12 v and this 12v output from the transformer to be rectified in 5v dc using an bridge rectifier, in order to achieve regulation an voltage regulator is provided, the total assembly and operation is clearly explained in coming sections.

Our project is experimentally verified and the results revealed that this system is applicable in real time controlling, with less complexity, low power consumption maximum reliability, applicable in traffic control systems.

Block Diagram of Automatic Street Lights Intensity Control

In the current system, maximum lightning over the freeways is completed through HID (High Intensity Discharge lamps), the energy utilization of HID lamps/lanterns are high. The intensity of HID lamps cannot be controlled, in harmony to the necessity, therefore there is a requirement to swap to a substitute way of illumination system i.e., by making use of LEDs. This lighting system is constructed to conquer the disadvantages of High Intensity Discharge lamps.

This lightning system exhibits the utilization of the Light emitting diodes or LED’s as the source of light and its intensity control is variable which can be altered as per the requirement. LED’s use a lesser amount of power and its life span is good, in comparison to the old HID lanterns/lamps. The more vital and motivating characteristic is that the intensity of LED’s can be controlled as per the requirement throughout non-peak hours which is not possible with HID lanterns/lamps.

A bunch of LEDs are brought into play to structure a street light. The micro-controller includes planned instructions which are used for controlling the intensity of lanterns based on Pulse width modulation (PWM) produced indicators. The lights intensity are kept soaring all through the peak hours, because the street traffic have a propensity to reduce slowly during late night hours, the intensity of the traffic also declines gradually till sunrise. Finally it’s totally shuts down at dawn, and it’s all over again restarts at 6pm during the dusk. The course of action is repeated

The main objective of this project is to implement energy savings in street lighting.  The main function of automatic street light control system is to detect the sunlight intensity levels and to switch on the White Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps at relevant conditions.

Using this project we can control the waste of power due to irregular functionalities of the present day street light management systems, the proposed system had two modes of operations one is general mode intended only for vehicles and dim mode which for both vehicles and the pedestrians. 

Hardware of Automatic Street Light Intensity Control Project Report:

Power supply circuit:Step down Transformer for 230v to 12v, Voltage Regulator (LM 7805), Rectifier for conversion of ac into dc, Filter for elimination of ripple content.
Controlling circuit: Microcontroller (AT89S52/AT89C51) is used to manipulate switching operations based on real time computing constraints.
Display unit:LEDS, Photodiodes
Driver circuit:Potential Divider, BC547, 1N4007.

Software assembled:

Keil development tools for the micro controller programming is implemented in this project. The IDE (Integrated Development environment) Keil compiler is used for the sequential programming of the micro controller. The buling of the application program and the concept of the cross compiler is explained in the later sections.